The Southern Heritage Cookbook Library + “Sweet Potato Pound Cake”

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The books that got me curious about Maryland food were not Maryland cookbooks, strictly speaking. This cookbook set had been a constant in my household growing up, and I never thought of them as regional at all, despite the “Southern” in the name.

On my mother’s kitchen bookshelf they served as a source of inspiration and reference. Everything we could need was in “The Southern Heritage Cookbook Library.” When, as a child, I wanted to try and make cheesecake. We turned to the “Just Desserts” volume which gave us a decadent cake with mounds of cream cheese and sour cream, seven eggs, and which required about five hours in the oven.

That cake became an annual birthday tradition for me and it was what eventually led me to discover the concept of “Maryland food.” Feeling nostalgic in my 20s (and wanting to impress my friends), I borrowed “Just Desserts” for that cheesecake recipe. Thumbing through the book I noticed all of the information – illustrations, ephemera, anecdotes. I fell in love with this cookbook in a new way, and I began to acquire copies of the entire series for myself.

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Illustration from “All Pork”

Eventually, I noticed various recipes with names like “Old Maryland Baked Ham,” “Maryland White Potato Pie,” and “Maryland Fried Chicken.” Aside from feeling surprised to see Maryland in a cookbook dedicated to the South, I was surprised that Maryland had any food tradition outside of crab cakes. Some of these dishes were unknown to me. I had to try them for myself. And maybe… blog about them?

So here we are.

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The Southern Heritage cookbook series was first published in 1983 by Oxmoor House (Southern Living Magazine.) My mother remembers it as a subscription – one book a month for 19 months (the 19th is a master index to the entire book set). Copies of any of the books can now be found cheaply online, or occasionally in thrift stores or Book Thing in Baltimore.

Several of the cookbooks (e.g. “Company’s Coming,” “Sporting Scene,” “Breakfast & Brunch”) take a menu-based approach, listing a sample menu with the story behind them. 

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menu in “Company’s Coming” volume

For example, “Maryland Garden Pilgrimage Luncheon” features: 

  • Old Durham Church Crab Cakes
  • Green Peas with Spring Onions
  • Cold Slaw
  • Jubilee Rolls
  • Maryland Fudge Cake
  • Glazed Strawberry Tarts

The “Cakes” book or “Plain and Fancy Poultry” might include recipes but also instructions on icing a cake or trussing a chicken, respectively.

Basically, they were the only reference I needed throughout my 20s, right up until I decided I wanted to, say, try to cook Vietnamese food… or to collect every Maryland cookbook just for the heck of it.

While it is true I now have many more ‘authentic’ sources for Maryland recipes, the Southern Heritage Cookbook library has continued to be a useful reference and a visual delight.

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The weathered page of my beloved cheesecake recipe

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Two Illustrations from “Cakes”

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menu in “Family Gatherings” volume

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Recipe:

  • 1 cup butter, softened
  • 2 cups sugar
  • 4 eggs
  • 2.5 cups cooked mashed sweet potatoes
  • 3 cups all-purpose flour
  • 2 teaspoons baking powder
  • 1 teaspoon baking soda
  • 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
  • .5 teaspoon ground nutmeg
  • .25 teaspoon salt
  • 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
  • .5 cups flaked coconut
  • .5 cups chopped pecans

Cream butter. gradually add sugar, beating well. Add eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Add sweet potatoes and beat until blended.

Combine flour, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, nutmeg and salt; gradually add to sweet potato mixture, beating well after each addition. Batter will be stiff. Stir in vanilla, coconut, and pecans.

Spoon batter into a well-greased 10-inch tube pan. Bake at 350° for 1 hour and 15 minutes or until take tests done. Cool in pan 15 minutes, remove to rack and cool completely.

May be glazed with lemon or orange glaze if desired.

Recipe adapted from Southern Heritage “Cakes” cookbook

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Recipe notes: This is not a Maryland recipe as far as I know but it was very tasty; “a keeper” as they say. I’ll probably make this in the fall with black walnuts.

Maryland Beaten Biscuits

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Note: yes these look ugly. The recipe is almost 200 years old and had no measurements. Of course your biscuits are better; that wasn’t really the point here.

In December of 1953, Governor Theodore McKeldin and his wife Honolulu “Lulu” Manzer McKeldin celebrated the holiday season by serving guests a “typical Maryland dinner.” The menu included oyster stew, wild duck, and Maryland beaten biscuits.

Of all the foods that bear the state’s name, Maryland beaten biscuits once enjoyed the most widespread popularity – and for the longest span of time.

Beaten biscuits originate from the early 1800s, when reliable chemical leavening agents and sometimes yeast were not readily available. According to culinary historian Joyce White, “bakers
pounded or beat the biscuit dough to introduce air into it, and the
beating also served to disintegrate the dough’s protein (gluten).“

Advertisements around the country advertised both the biscuits and the implements to make them throughout the late 1800s and early 20th century.

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1928 advertisement from the Morning Register, Eugene Oregon

The concept of laboriously pounding the heck out of the dough yourself, having an enslaved person do this labor for you, or purchasing a bulky appliance to assist with this task raises some philosophical questions about food.

Although the most famous bakery to produce them, Orell’s in Wye Mills,
was on the Eastern Shore, Maryland Beaten Biscuits were popular
statewide, and other bakeries produced them throughout Maryland, even in
the panhandle. “The News” of Frederick described hail that fell during a 1914 storm “as
big as Maryland beaten biscuits.”

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Southern Heritage Cookbook illustration featuring a “biscuit brake.”

Their popularity certainly endured for the longest on the Eastern Shore. When Herman Miller “Dick” Orrell III, the heir and owner of Orell’s Beaten Biscuits passed away at 83 in 2013, the bakery closed with the intention to eventually re-open. The Maryland Beaten Biscuit Company in Sudlersville sometimes peddles the biscuits at farmers’ markets in that region.

Maryland’s Vanishing Lives” by John Sherwood features a photo of an elderly couple, Roby and Elma Cornelius of Rock Hall, brandishing a baseball bat and an axe, with trays of golf-ball sized biscuits proudly laid out before them.

“There is something highly amusing in watching this peace-loving, elderly couple banging away with a baseball bat on a helpless mound of dough, but the results are wonderful and soothing. And, after all, it is a Maryland tradition they’re carrying on.” – John Sherwood, Maryland’s Vanishing Lives

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1881 advertisement

Not everyone remembers the biscuits so fondly. My cousin recalls, “my grandmother always had Orrell’s from Wye Mills waiting for my dad when
we would visit. Great memories, but wow those things were hockey pucks.“ To modern diners, fluffier and flakier biscuits are more appealing.

A South Carolina columnist printed a recipe for Maryland Beaten biscuits in 1982, with commentary:

”…[Maryland beaten biscuits] are pretty hard, and I tend to think that maybe the [Civil War] soldiers could have used them as bullets in their guns. But the biscuits do have a delicious taste… When I think I might have had to beat biscuits with an axe, I feel lucky to have fast food chains making them for me early in the morning.“ – Karen Petit, The Index-Journal (Greenwood, South Carolina)

Beaten biscuits still enjoy some attention in the South. A “Garden and Gun” article (”The Art of the Beaten Biscuit”) sang their praises in April 2015. In this article, as in the Wikipedia entry on beaten biscuits, no mention of Maryland can be found.

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1909 advertisement

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I roped some family members into taking turns beating some biscuit dough
on a recent afternoon. The biscuits we produced were a little tough on
the outside but they went well with a creamy gravy.

Recipe:

  • 4 cups flour
  • 1 tbs high lard
  • ½ tbs salt
  • water

Sift flour and salt together.  Cut in lard. Add water to make a very stiff dough.
Working on a sturdy table, beat the dough with a heavy mallet or axe head, about 30 minutes, or until bubbles form and pop when beaten. Form into small balls about the size of a golf-ball. Press each down lightly and poke with a fork. Bake at 400° for 30 minutes.

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(Biscuit with smoked chicken gravy & crisped skin)

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