Sources: Mary Randolph

Mary Randolph, Library of Virginia

Interest in culinary history tends to enjoy a boost around this time of year. Some excellent pieces have been written illuminating the historical foods consumed on Thanksgiving. As though our own traditions are not authentic or traditional enough, many of us feel compelled to dig into the origins of the very day that defines the word ‘tradition’ in the United States.

I admit to being less concerned with what the Pilgrims ate than I am with the foods found on Maryland tables for the holiday.

While there is some overlap, Marylanders and many Southerners especially may find that many of our Thanksgiving favorites made their way to the table through the same thorny and winding path as the other foods we know well.

One source that I cross-reference for this website is not a Maryland cookbook at all. Nonetheless, Mary Randolph’s 1824 book “The Virginia Housewife” is a crucial text whether you want to dissect the lineage of your “candied yams” or the so-called “Maryland Beaten Biscuits.”

Interpreter Pam Williams working from “The Virginia Housewife” at the Hays House, Bel Air

Mary Randolph was born in 1762, near Richmond, to a prominent Virginia family. In 1780 she married a cousin, David Meade Randolph. Mary Randolph was well-respected as the lady of their estate “Moldovia” and its slaves and servants.

It is claimed that Mary Randolph’s hostessing was so widely famous that Gabriel [no last name], an enslaved man who led an unsuccessful rebellion of slaves in the Richmond area, would spare her life to cook for him though he hoped to kill other slaveholders. This story is dubious as it is likely that a man fighting for the freedom of enslaved Virginians would be aware of who did the heavy lifting in the kitchen at Moldovia.

The Randolphs and their Federalist ties became their undoing when Thomas Jefferson removed his cousin David Meade Randolph from the position of Federal Marshal in 1802. Evidently the extravagant hospitality left little room for savings and the family’s finances soon went into decline. Mary’s enterprising solution was to open a boarding house in Richmond in 1808. For the next ten years, the venture expanded Mary Randolph’s fame as a hostess and cook.
The cookbook (containing many other household hints) came out in 1824, with a stated purpose that is fairly typical of old cookbooks: the altruistic intention of the book was to educate young housewives.

Advertisement in the Frederick Town Herald, 1832

New editions of the book continued to be printed for decades after. Mary Randolph died in 1828 and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

It is said that the book’s significance lies in its snapshot of the birth of true American cooking. While Amelia Simmons’ 1796 book “American Cookery” is considered the first American cookbook, Randolph did more than just incorporate some American ingredients to British recipes. Randolph’s book does not simply “make do” with the ingredients available to cooks in the young country – it celebrates them. “The Virginia Housewife” can be surprising in its adventurism, from Gazpacho to the loads of garlic found in some recipes. That spirit lays at the foundation of Southern cuisine.

This is why I have no intention of recreating humble, modestly seasoned dishes for Thanksgiving. Making the most of what we have in this day and age is not a necessity as it was to Simmons, it is a joy, as it was to Randolph, and to Jane Gilmor Howard after her. It IS the tradition that we carry on during the holidays and beyond.

My favorite passage from “The Virginia Housewife” demonstrates the meticulousness Mary Randolph was known for

Southern Heritage Cookbook Library

Beef à la Mode: A Hearth Classic

This is another recipe from B.C. Howard’s “Fifty Years in a Maryland Kitchen.”

Although separated by half a century, I think of her book as the Maryland version of Mary Randolph’s “The Virginia Housewife,” and refer to the latter as a useful cross-reference for some of the recipes (such as this one).

Both books entail a lot of hearth cooking – think dutch oven, hot coals.

Beef à la Mode is essentially an eighteenth / nineteenth-century pot-roast. In Kay Moss’ useful hearth cooking reference “Seeking the Historical Cook” she mentions employing the recipe “as an introduction to eighteenth-century tastes as well as techniques in stewing meats.”

As Moss points out, various recipes include 1) “sweet herbs” such as parsley, rosemary, or marjoram. 2) A spice or combination such as pepper, cinnamon, ginger, or cloves. 3) “Tartness” from wine, vinegar or lemon, and 4) Umami from anchovy, shellfish, mushroom or pickled walnut.

B.C. Howard includes several Beef A La Mode recipes in her book. I combined two of them by using the simpler technique and quantity of one, plus adding the oysters mentioned in another.

image

Some beef a la mode recipes call for larding the meat. Bacon always adds some nice seasoning but I had picked up a well-marbled roast at Lexington Market so I left well enough alone.

image

Carel Nicolaas Storm van ’s-Gravesande (1841-1924) Boeuf à la mode, 1906, oil on canvas, Teylers Museum, Haarlem

Camping is a convenient time for me to try out hearth cooking recipes requiring coals and a dutch oven. This was our first camping trip of 2015 – a late start!

image

Polish Mountain Marker, Green Ridge State Forest, Allegheny County

Recipe:

  • beef
  • 1 slice bread
  • 1 minced shallot
  • 8 ground fine cloves
  • 1 Tablespoon marjoram
  • pepper, black
  • salt
  • wine, claret
  • 4 or 5 oysters (optional)

Grate up a slice of bread and wet with water or milk. To this add a minced shallot, eight cloves ground fine, a tablespoonful of marjoram leaves, pepper and salt to taste. Optional: add minced oyster, anchovy, or mushroom. Cut slits in beef and stuff with mixture. Roll or skewer beef (depending on cut) and rub with any additional stuffing. Lay some “sticks” [I used skewers] across the bottom of the pot, put in the beef with water*. Cover and add coals under and on the top and let it stew slowly for four or five hours. Just before serving pour half a pint of claret over the meat**.

  • *I used water to reach the bottom of the meat but note the amount of liquid that came from cooking in the photo and use water sparingly.
  • **Some recipes add wine before cooking and this may be preferable to your tastes
  • I roasted brussels sprouts to go with this but they would have been fantastic added into the pot and boiled at the last 30-45 minutes
image
image
image

(Above steps prepared at home and packed in ziploc for camping)

image

I have come around to using bagged charcoals. When baking, it’s much more reliable, and I lack the knowledge and consistency of wood/fuel that a hearth cook would have at their disposal. Plus we did not have to get a fire going before the hike.

image
image
image

I often use an enameled dutch oven for convenience of cleaning in a camp-site but I think my cast-iron dutch oven would have been easier to handle since it is made for the job.

image
image

I also tried out a technique I first read about in “Cee Dub’s Dutch Oven and Other Camp Cookin’” Cookbook“:

This entailed getting the coals going and then burying the whole thing underground for an absentee slow cooker approach. Always be cautious about leaving any hot things exposed or anything out where a hungry animal could be attracted to them.

image
image

This gave us time to hike to Polish Mountain in search of the mysterious rock circles.  We never did see them but we enjoyed a lovely view. We also saw a scarlet tanager and a black bear.

image

The hike dragged on a bit long and we came back to a cold roast. So I put on some more coals and further heated and browned the beef, while also making some veggies and biscuits (from a can). The result was a tasty, well-done pot roast. There was plenty of leftover meat and vegetables to put in an omelet in the morning.

image
image

There are some potentially good cookin’ coals in there^^.

image
image

I imagine that Mrs. Howard and her contemporaries would be rather appalled to find us willingly subjecting ourselves to sleeping in the woods, even if those surroundings provide a closer situation to her kitchen than my gas range and oven. Personally I get some weird enjoyment out of turning my relaxation time into a series of chores. The remaining coals heat up dish water and everything is cleaned and put away and the relaxation after THAT… well it’s a wonderful hour or so before I get tired and go to bed.

Scroll to top
error: Content is protected !!